Topic: Plant Innate Immunity: PTI, ETI, HR, and SAR

Plant innate immunity (PTI, ETI, HR, SAR) का mock test कर लोगे, तो Plant–Pathogen Interaction वाला पूरा unit तुम्हारे लिए crystal clear हो जाएगा (NET Part B + C दोनों के लिए)।

🌿 CSIR-NET Life Science Mock Test – Set 3

Topic: Plant Innate Immunity: PTI, ETI, HR, and SAR

Total Questions: 30 (Concept + Logic based)

Answers at the end

Q1.

Which of the following is the first line of defense in plants against pathogen attack?

A. ETI

B. SAR

C. PTI

D. HR

---

Q2.

PAMPs are recognized by which type of receptors on plant cell surfaces?

A. R proteins

B. PRRs

C. TIR receptors

D. MAP kinases

---

Q3.

Flagellin, chitin, and lipopolysaccharides are examples of:

A. Effector molecules

B. PAMPs

C. Damage signals

D. Secondary metabolites

---

Q4.

During PTI, which ion shows a rapid flux across the plasma membrane?

A. Calcium (Ca²⁺)

B. Sodium (Na⁺)

C. Potassium (K⁺)

D. Magnesium (Mg²⁺)

---

Q5.

Which of the following statements about ETI is true?

A. ETI is triggered by PAMPs

B. ETI is slower but stronger than PTI

C. ETI involves PRRs at the plasma membrane

D. ETI never induces cell death

---

Q6.

In plant immunity, “zig-zag” model was proposed by:

A. Flor (1956)

B. Dangl and Jones (2006)

C. Hamer and Talbot (2008)

D. De Wit and Hammond (1982)

---

Q7.

R proteins (Resistance proteins) typically recognize:

A. PAMPs

B. Effectors from pathogens

C. Cell wall fragments

D. Damage-associated molecules

---

Q8.

The “gene-for-gene” concept was proposed by:

A. Jones

B. Flor

C. Darwin

D. Mendel

---

Q9.

Hypersensitive response (HR) is characterized by:

A. Systemic spread of pathogen

B. Localized cell death at infection site

C. Increased photosynthesis

D. Root elongation

---

Q10.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during HR helps in:

A. Promoting pathogen entry

B. Limiting pathogen spread

C. Increasing sugar production

D. Enhancing water uptake

---

Q11.

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is mainly mediated by which signaling molecule?

A. Jasmonic acid

B. Salicylic acid

C. Ethylene

D. Abscisic acid

---

Q12.

SAR provides resistance against:

A. Only viruses

B. A broad range of pathogens

C. Only bacterial pathogens

D. Only necrotrophs

---

Q13.

Which enzyme’s activity increases during SAR and is used as a biochemical marker?

A. Catalase

B. Peroxidase

C. PR protein (Pathogenesis-related protein)

D. Rubisco

---

Q14.

Which plant hormone primarily regulates defense against necrotrophic pathogens?

A. Salicylic acid

B. Jasmonic acid

C. Cytokinin

D. Auxin

---

Q15.

Which plant hormone primarily regulates defense against biotrophic pathogens?

A. Ethylene

B. Jasmonic acid

C. Salicylic acid

D. ABA

---

Q16.

During PTI activation, MAP kinase cascade leads to:

A. Cell wall weakening

B. Gene expression of defense-related genes

C. Reduced ROS

D. Decreased calcium flux

---

Q17.

Effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) occurs when:

A. R genes successfully recognize effectors

B. Pathogen suppresses PTI

C. SAR is active

D. Host performs HR

---

Q18.

The “zig-zag” model explains:

A. Evolutionary arms race between plant and pathogen

B. Nitrogen fixation

C. Light capture efficiency

D. Stomatal regulation

---

Q19.

NLR proteins (NOD-like receptors) in plants are mostly located in:

A. Plasma membrane

B. Cytoplasm

C. Nucleus

D. Apoplast

---

Q20.

Which of the following is a function of salicylic acid during SAR?

A. Suppresses PR protein synthesis

B. Activates defense gene expression

C. Degrades reactive oxygen species

D. Promotes effector entry

---

Q21.

ETI generally leads to what type of defense response?

A. Long-term systemic resistance

B. Localized rapid defense including HR

C. Weak and slow defense

D. Hormonal suppression

---

Q22.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are often what type of proteins?

A. G-protein coupled

B. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or RLPs

C. NLRs

D. Histones

---

Q23.

Avr genes in pathogens encode:

A. PR proteins

B. Effectors recognized by plant R genes

C. Enzymes for photosynthesis

D. Salicylic acid precursors

---

Q24.

Which of the following defense molecules accumulates systemically after a local HR?

A. Phytoalexins

B. Salicylic acid

C. Jasmonic acid

D. Cytokinins

---

Q25.

PR1, PR2, and PR5 are examples of:

A. MAP kinase genes

B. Defense-related PR proteins

C. R genes

D. Hormone receptors

---

Q26.

The balance between SA and JA pathways represents:

A. Mutual inhibition between biotrophic and necrotrophic defense

B. Activation of same defense pathway

C. No crosstalk between hormones

D. Defense against abiotic stress

---

Q27.

HR-induced localized cell death mainly restricts:

A. Water loss

B. Nutrient leakage

C. Pathogen spread

D. Auxin transport

---

Q28.

The “Systemin” peptide hormone in tomato activates which pathway?

A. Salicylic acid

B. Jasmonic acid

C. Ethylene

D. Auxin

---

Q29.

Which statement is correct regarding SAR?

A. SAR is localized

B. SAR is pathogen-specific

C. SAR is long-lasting and broad-spectrum

D. SAR does not involve signaling molecules

---

Q30.

The defense signal molecule “methyl salicylate” is:

A. The inactive transport form of salicylic acid

B. A degradation product of jasmonate

C. Produced by pathogens

D. A volatile derived from ABA

---

🧠 Answers

Q Ans Q Ans Q Ans

1 C 11 B 21 B

2 B 12 B 22 B

3 B 13 C 23 B

4 A 14 B 24 B

5 B 15 C 25 B

6 B 16 B 26 A

7 B 17 B 27 C

8 B 18 A 28 B

9 B 19 B 29 C

10 B 20 B 30 A