STEM CELL
1) Stem cells are?
A) Differentiated cells
B) Undifferentiated cells
C) Transformed cells
D) Germ cells
Ans. B
2) Which of the following is the characteristic of the stem cells?
A) Stem cells are differentiated cells
B) Uncontrolled division
C) Ability to divide and recreate itself
D) Self renewal ability
Ans - C
3) Area of the tissue provides a microenvironment in which stem cells are present in an undifferentiated and self renewal state?
= Stem cell niche
4) Undifferentiated Stem cell divide and make two cells called?
One is ________
2nd is ________
Ans - Differentiated cell, Self renewal cell
5) Which of the following cell shows asymmetric division?
A) Nerve cell
B) Germ cell
C) Stem cell
D) Zygotic cell
Ans - C
6) Ability or power of the stem cell to differentiate in different types of cell is called?
= Stem cell potency
7) A more cell types a cell can differentiate into the greater its potency. ✅
8) Fully differentiated cells has?
A) High potency
B) Low potency
C) Restriction high
D) Option B & C
Ans - D
9) Totipotent Cell in a mammals is?
A) Sperm cell
B) Egg cell
C) Zygotic cell
D) Brain cells
Ans - C
10) Embryonic stem cells, Germ cells, Morula and Blastomere are the Totipotent cells. ✅
11) Further division of Totipotent cell generates?
A) Embryonic lineages
B) Heart cells
C) Extraembyonic lineages
D) Option A & C
Ans - D
12) What is the Fate of Extra Embryonic lineages?
A) Placenta
B) Amnion, Allantois
C) Yolk sac
D) Option A, B & C
Ans - D
13) Zygote is a totipotent cell not a Totipotent Stem Cell. ✅
14) Which of the following example of Totipotent cell?
A) Hydra
B) Zygote
C) ICM
D) All of the above
15) Which type of the cells have the ability to become all the cell types of embryo except Trophoblast?
A) Multipotent Stem Cells
B) Pluripotent Stem Cells
C) Totipotent Stem Cells
D) Unipotent Stem Cells
Ans - B
16) Outer layer of the blastocyst called?
A) Blastomere
B) Blastula
C) Trophoblast
D) Extraembyonic part
Ans - C
17) ICM is a?
A) Multipotent Stem Cells
B) Pluripotent Stem Cells
C) Totipotent Stem Cells
D) Unipotent Stem Cells
Ans - B
18) ICM also called __Embryonic Stem Cells__ because it forms an embryo.
19) Multipotent Stem cells are also called?
= Adult Stem Cells
20) What is the following function of Multipotent stem cells?
A) Trophoblast Formation
B) Organ formation in embryo
C) Regeneration in adult tissues
D) Option B & C
Ans - D
21) Hematopoetic stem cells are example of?
A) Pluripotent stem cells
B) Totipotent stem cells
C) Multipotent stem cells
D) Unipotent stem cells
Ans - C
22) Which of the following is NOT the example of multipotent stem cells?
A) Mammary stem cells
B) Mesenchymal stem cells
C) Male spermatogonia
D) Hematopoetic stem cells
Ans - C
23) Stem cells which has ability to make multiple types of cells but not all types of cells?
A) Pluripotent stem cells
B) Totipotent stem cells
C) Multipotent stem cells
D) Unipotent stem cells
Ans - C
24) Bone, cartilage, connective tissue and cells in epidermis, brain, muscle, teeth, gut, and lung cells are?
= Unipotent Stem cells
25) Stem cell that generate only one type of cells?
A) Pluripotent stem cells
B) Totipotent stem cells
C) Multipotent stem cells
D) Unipotent stem cells
Ans - D
26) Male spermatogonia and female oogonia is the example of?
A) Unipotent stem cells
B) Totipotent stem cells
C) Multipotent stem cells
D) Pluripotent stem cells
Ans - A
27) Adult cells can be reprogrammed to convert in pluripotent stem cells pluripotency can be induced by modification of TF =
Oct3/4, Sox2, Cmyc & Klf4
28) What called when a cell ceases to divide and develops specialised structural and distinct functional properties?
= Cell differentiation
29) Stem cells adhere to its niches by?
A) Autocrine signals
B) Extra cellular matrix
C) Microtubules
D) CAM molecules
Ans - D
30) Microenvironment or stem cell niche in Drosophila where sperm producing stem cells are reside called?
A) Stem cell niche
B) Germ stem cell
C) Hub
D) Option A & B
Ans - C
NOTE - Sperm producing stem cells divide asymmetrically and producing -
A) Daughter cell and
B) Self renewal cell
NOTE - Self renewal cell still attaches to the hub and daughter cell do not attaching the hub.
31) Daughter cell do not attaching the hub becomes?
A) Gonioblast
B) Committed progenitor cell
C) Precursor of sperm cell
D) All of the above
Ans - D
NOTE - Committed progenitor cells undergo mitosis or form its copy and each copy act as a precursor and to convert spermatogonia or Sperm cell.
32) Asymmetric division of (hubs) sperm stem cells in Drosophila is regulated by secreting paracrine factor called?
A) Unpaired
B) Wnt
C) Pax6
D) Fgf8
Ans - A
33) Signaling which is followed by Unpaired protein?
A) Paracrine signaling
B) Delta - notch signaling
C) Autocrine signaling
D) JAK - STAT pathway
Ans - D
34) Which of the following is true about differentiation of sperm cell in drosophila?
A) Cells that are close contact with JAK-STAT pathway specify their self renewal cells.
B) That are distinct from paragrine factor do not receive the signal and begin the differentiation into sperm cell lineage.
C) Both correct
D) Only option A is correct.
Ans - C
NOTE - Ovarian stem cell niche secret PF influences stem cell self renewal and oocyte differentiation. ✔️
35) Progenitor cell of the Drosophila egg is known as?
A) Hub cell
B) Oocyte
C) Cytoblast
D) Non of the above
Ans - C
36) Germ stem cells are within stem cell niche they are in contact with_____cells.
A) Hub cells
B) Cap cells
Ans - B
37) One daughter cell remain tethered to cap cells by ______ and maintain its self renewal identity and the 2nd daughter cell begins oocyte differentiation (cytoblast).
A) E-Cadherin
B) Integrins
Ans - A
38) Which of the following statements are true about Drosophila oocyte differentiation?
A) Cytoblast do not attached to Cap cell.
B) bam is a protein that differentiate
cytoblast into oocyte.
C) Tgf Beta pathway activate BMP in the cap cell which inhibits bam.
D) Inhibitions of bam cannot differentiate daughter cells attached to cap cell .
E) All of the above
Ans - E
NOTE - Histone Methyltransferase Set1 play essential role in Self renewal of Germ Stem cells in Drosophila.
39) Cap cells that provide niche for Germ Stem Cells in Drosophila, what is in the C. elegans?
= Distal tip cells
40) What is the signaling that maintain nematodes germ stem cells (C elegan)?
A) Notch signaling in distal tip cell
B) Wnt signaling in muscle cells
C) Hedgehog signaling in neurons
D) BMP signaling in epithelial cells
Ans - A
NOTE - In C. elegans, the DTC produces Notch ligands that signal to the germ stem cells, promoting their self-renewal and maintenance.
NOTE - Drosophila cap cells are similar to DTC in C elegan. ✔️
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